Chester Barnard Essays - Chester Barnard, Public Administration

Chester Barnard Chester Barnard, a president of the new Jersey Bell Telephone Company, help advance thinking about organizations when he published The Functions of the Executive in 1938. Barnard give us a much more realistic view of what really goes on in formal organization. According to Barnard individual have only a limited amount of power. A person can do only so much when acting alone. Barnard theorizes that there are two ways to measure this new cooperation. The first is effectiveness, which is social in character and the second is efficiency, which relates to the satisfaction of individual matters and is more personal in nature. Barnard contribution comes in the areas of communication, decision making, and authority. Barnard's four conditions need to be met in order for an individual to accept a communication as authoritative. First , the person must understand the communication, second, at the time of his or her decision, that person must believe that what is to be done is consistent with the purpose of the organization, third at the time of his or her decision, that personal interest and fourth that person is mentally and physically able to comply with the communication. Biographies

Anton Chekhov Essays - Anton Chekhov, Dramaturges, Modernism

Anton Chekhov Essays - Anton Chekhov, Dramaturges, Modernism Anton Chekhov Anton Chekhov Life and Influences Anton Chekhov was born on January 29, 1860 in Taganrog, Russia, the third of six children. His father, Pavel, was a grocer and his mother, Yevgeniya, was the daughter of a cloth merchant. In1875 Pavel's business failed and, threatened with imprisonment, he fled to Moscow. Yevgeniya remained behind with Anton and his younger siblings, but soon lost the house to a local bureaucrat. At this point, she joined Pavel in Moscow taking all the children, with the exception of Anton whom she left behind to attend school and support himself. After completing his early studies, Anton received a scholarship to study medicine at the Moscow University and at this point reunited with his family. During this time, the family continued to be plagued by financial hardship. In an effort to help support them, Anton began to write humorous short stories for comic magazine. As time went by, Chekhov developed a love of writing, preferring this to the practice of medicine, and devoted himself to his craft. After 1880, his work shifted toward more serious subject matter and is filled with realistic views of the suffering of the poor, no doubt in memory of the struggles his own family had endured. Comments and Concepts An Upheaval is classified as a short story, but does not follow the traditional short story structure as defined by Freytag's Triangle. The story begins in medias res as Mashenka enters a household already in turmoil. Rather than at the beginning, the exposition takes place throughout the story as Mashenka's thoughts and actions reveal her background and place within the household. At the end of the story, the reader is left without resolution. This abrupt end to the action without an resolving the conflict is known as a zero ending. The story An Upheaval is a slice-of-life narrative. Chekhov offers a dispassionate observation of life within an upper-class household. There is no deep psychological profiles within the story; all the characters are merely stereotypes. The view is naturalistic, with the socioeconomic background of the characters influencing their every action. The lady of the house believes she is well within her rights to search her servant's quarters when her brooch has gone missing. When Mashenka is upset by the search, the maidservant Liza reminds her somewhat delicately of her place by stating still you are as it were a servant. An Upheaval displays a rite of passage. At the beginning of the story, Mashenka is a simplistic child. She believes herself to be more than a mere servant within the household. Mashenka feels personally violated when she discovers a search of her room has been made without her knowledge. Mashenka leaps into adulthood when she realizes that although she is hired help and is, therefore, in a lesser position she is still a person within her own right. Rather than allow them to violate her sense of personal integrity, Mashenka decides to leave. Key Quotations Mashenka went into her room, and then, for the first time in her life, it was her lot to experience in all its acuteness the feeling that is so familiar to persons in dependent positions, who eat the bread of the rich and powerful, and cannot speak their minds. Mashenka begins to recognize her place within the household and within society. She acknowledges that her life is controlled by others. Though you are a young lady, still you areas it werea servant Liza forces Mashenka to acknowledge that she is a servant like the rest of them, nothing more. I don't say she took the brooch, but can you answer for her? To tell the truth, I haven't much confidence in these learned paupers. The lady of the house removes all humanity from her servants. They are nothing more to her than beasts of burden. Forgive me, Nikolay Sergeitch, but I cannot remain in your house. I feel deeply insulted by this search! Mashenka reveals her new sense of self and personal integrity. Half an hour later she was on her way. The story ends without any true sense of closure. Relation to Current Culture Today a search without permission or warrant is a criminal offense. Even as a hired servant living within someone else's household, a person is entitled to his own personal space and privacy.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Essay Example As a result of this, more and more men have conventionally acceded to go against their nature and change the diapers at home, though this is not all that is required to sustain the marital satisfaction for either of the two members. While men have tried to share the childcare responsibilities with their wives to assist them in their work, wives have generally increased their demands. They require the husbands to be equally, and in some cases, even more responsible for the childcare than them. This is one of the most common causes of marital dissatisfaction in the contemporary age. This paper suggests some ways in which marital satisfaction in dual career marriages can be increased. Household responsibilities need to be taken very seriously by both partners. If they are left upon the willingness of anybody, they will largely remain unaccepted. In order to retain marital satisfaction along with adequately managing the household responsibilities, it is imperative that assignment of the responsibilities results from mutual consent and agreement of both the partners. Therefore, the solution of this problem obviously requires both the partners to show maximum cooperation and compromise.

Business Plan Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Plan Evaluation - Essay Example Cash flow would enable the business to determine the amount of money needed to keep the business going. To strengthen the weakest link identified, methods of control should be integrated in the business plan. For example, there should be a policy control that allocated expenditures should not go over beyond 5% of the budget. Income statement should also be included as well as the initial capital outlay so the business would know how much it would compensate before it consider itself profitable. These solutions are chosen because they would strengthen the business plan and achieve the best possible outcome. They are critical for the success of the business and ensure that results would go as plan as stated in the business plan. For example, instituting control avoid costs to overshoot could make the business inefficient and less competitive if neglected. Incorporating more financial statements such as project Income Statement would enable the company to determine if its performance is consistent to the business plan or if it is underperforming. Cash flow is critical for start-up businesses such Loco Loco Dance Club because it prevents the operation of the business to run out of cash which could make stop its

Research Paper On Last 4 Stories In Book L.A. Noir

On Last 4 Stories In Book L.A. Noir - Research Paper Example He presents quality writing than his earlier writings. The book gives different explicit tales of people whose desperate or passion instances lead them to painful or violent ends. Top examples being, â€Å"What You See† and â€Å"The Method,† among others (Denise Hamilton 1) The author is an American; he specializes in crime related novels. He has been involved in editing such novels for years together with journals of the same class. The major themes in the novel are politics, history, culture, violence and diversity. She literally calls Los Angeles her home town as â€Å"The Ultimate Femme Fatale.† The first edition of the records gathered 17 short stories from contemporary authors living around her home city. She has also translated the book into Italian, French, and French. In the recent years, publications have been identified in U.K, Japan, France, and Turkey (Denise Hamilton 1). Proposal This paper examines the last four stories in the L.A Noir. It has an over view of the stories. It examines key characters and describes the themes prevailing in the stories. The paper also examines about the role of femme fatale in this art. Characteristics and origin of noir is also included. Thesis Story by Scott Phillips This is a perfect example of the collection. The story revolves around Tate, the protagonist. She is seduced by femme fatale in the purpose of incorporating him in a murder case. The lady had shot the man, who tempted to rape her, but she wanted to carry the responsibility with another individual; here comes Tate. The lady uses a long route in the aim of locking Tate in the room. She achieves this by offering herself for sex. The author uses this characteristic to make it attractive. The protagonist fights back after he realizes that he has been trapped. He pushes for the ambulance, but the lady is against it. In the long run, they come into a conclusion and gets away with the crime. The story has perfect flow of ideas. It explain s how cultural identity has been lost in the recent generation. Immorality is also a noticeable issue in the novel (Denise Hamilton 321). Story by Brian Ascalon Roley The story is a practical example of school violence. The elder cousin aims at comforting the younger one: veronica. She is stressed that her boy had been attacked by the elder boys in school. He was bullied too, and could not report fearing further consequences. The elder cousin deeply thinks to find a sustainable solution and make his cousin happy. They are tied by kinship tied and thus the courage from the elder cousin. He has the responsibility to ensure that his cousin is safe and has a smooth running, as well. It is evident that the noir revolves around different forms of violence (Denise Hamilton 327). Story by Robert Ferrigno The story is a summary of a violent action. It talks about murder; the main character, Yancy had applied his tactics in killing his colleagues in the name to protect the girl. Moral degrada tion and loss of cultural identity is the foremost subjects. Respect for human life is absent among character. The story fits in this noir because the gatherer of the stories has a passion for violent stories and other literal work (Denise Hamilton 336). Story by Diana Wagman The author gives detailed information about her history. She talks about how she grew up as well as how she lost her only parent. They lived in the city of Orange; this is the city she called home back in 1965. She inherited everything that her mother had, at

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome To Amputate Or Not Nursing Essay

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome To Amputate Or Not Nursing Essay Abstract Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is pain syndrome confined to one or more limbs, usually occurring after trauma. The cause of CRPS remains unknown and its diagnosis is based upon a set of clinical signs and symptoms: the Budapest Criteria (figure 1). CRPS is characterised by the presence of limb pain associated with sensory, motor, autonomic, skin and bone changes. It is often resistant to treatment and its clinic course is difficult to predict. Early diagnosis and treatment from a multidisciplinary team is associated with the best outcome. In the UK there has been recent guidelines published to aid the diagnosis and treatment of CRPS. The mainstay of this treatment is physiotherapy, patient education and the medical management of pain. The patient in this case was scheduled to undergo an amputation of the affected limb prior to trying any of the above management, indeed prior to even being diagnosed with CRPS. Amputation for the treatment of CRPS is controversial. Evidence based guide lines regarding CRPS currently state that there is insufficient evidence to prove that amputation positively contributes to the treatment of the patient. It also runs the risk of the patient suffering from phantom limb pain or CRPS recurring in the stump or contralateral limb. If indeed CRPS is a sympathetically mediated neuropathic pain, as proposed, surgery to the area is likely to aggravate the condition. Tissue damage locally will result in the release of inflammatory neurokines leading to up regulation of the immune and nervous system. Amputation in the presence of CRPS can only therefore be justified in the treatment of therapy-resistant infection after other treatment options have been explored. Even more pertinent to this case was that the patient had never tried more conventional treatment options before an amputation was decided upon. Case Presentation Referral Information Patient JM was referred by Dr FJ, consultant in rehabilitation medicine as a query diagnosis of CRPS of his right lower limb. JM was scheduled to have a Symmes amputation, under a Professor MS a consultant orthopaedic surgeon, two weeks after this referral was made. Questionaire Scores MPSQ 8 Mod Zung 21 Current Problem JM complained of gradually worsening pain in right ankle and foot over a twenty-four month period. He scored his pain from 2-8/10 worse on light touch, cold weather and at the end of the day. The pain was accompanied by decreased motor function, oedema, an increase in sweating and skin colour changes in the limb. He described his pain as like a really bad tooth ache especially worse when the limb was swollen and only decreased by rest and elevation. He described a dropping sensation in the foot despite it being fused at the ankle which causes such severe pain it has at times caused him to vomit. Background History JM was born with a congenitally abnormal right tibia. As a child he underwent multiple operations on his right ankle. He has had two osteotomies, a bone graft and Lizorov frame and a triple arthrodesis at this ankle joint. Past Medical History JM has no other medical problems. Drug History Dihydrocodine 30mg four times a day. No other medication tried. Family History No family medical history of note. Mum and Dad alive and well. Social History JM lives with his parents and works in IT full time from an office at home. He feels that his career progression has been halted over the last few years as his pain has increased and his function worsened. He has an active social life and close family support. He played regular tennis until the pain in his ankle increased a few years ago but hasnt been able to play since 2010. He denies any depression or anxiety although finds his functional limitations frustrating. His mother attended his first clinic appointment and was extremely upset and anxious when it was suggested that her son try medical treatment options before resorting to a Symmes amputation. She felt that JM had gone through a lot of psychological distress coming to terms with the prospect of having his leg amputated at the foot and was fully decided this was the best course of action only for that decision to be questioned. JM didnt have any expectations of the pain clinic other than to help him reduce his pain to a liva ble level. The main reasons given by the Orthopeadic team for amputation was functional: to improve his gait and in the long run reduce possible arthritic changes developing due to his poor posture. Examination Findings JMs right lower limb on inspection was swollen from below the knee, with a pale discolouration and multiple operation scars at the ankle. There were noticeable trophic changes in the nails of the right foot but no hair or skin changes locally. His right ankle is fused in fixed dorsi flexion. On palpation it is cooler to touch and clammy when compared to the left lower leg and ankle. JM is tender to light touch over the medial aspect of the right ankle. The right knee has normal and has a good range of movement. Diagnostic Formulation JMs right ankle is positive for the Budapest Diagnostic Criteria for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Sensory Allodynia Hyperalgesia Vasomotor Temperature asymmetry Skin colour changes Skin colour asymmetry Sudomoter / Oedema Oedema Sweating changes Sweating asymmetry Motor / Trophic Decreased range of movement Motor dysfunction Trophic changes (hair/skin/nails) For the patient to be positive for CRPS with the Budapest criteria they must have continuing pain which is disproportionate to the eliciting event and have: More than one sign in two or more of the categories above AND More than one symptom in three or more of the categories above AND No other diagnosis that could better explain their signs and symptoms. JM has all of the italic signs and symptoms above and no other diagnosis that could better explain his symptoms. JM had also undergone a bone density scan of the right leg showing osteopenia and an xray showing arthritic changes to the deformed and fused ankle joint. Therefore a diagnosis of CRPS of his right lower limb was made. Subsequent Management JM was started on lignocaine 5% patches. Communications were also made with the other consultants involved in JMs care (orthopaedics and rehabilitation medicine). The orthopaedic team were keen to point out that the benefits of the surgery were functional and that even if JM were to become pain free with conservative treatment then it would not solve his functional problems. At follow up one month after starting the lignocaine 5 % patches JM was managing extremely well. His pain was down to a manageable level and by wearing the patches he could function nearly normally. He is now walking without a stick and had managed to return to playing tennis and had attended a work conference. He had decided against having the amputation and was happy to carry on with the current medical management of his condition. Further treatment options, should his pain flair up again, were discussed. These included IVRA (intravenous regional anaesthesia) and a spinal cord stimulator. Discussion CRPS is a pain syndrome with an unclear pathophysiology and unpredictable clinical course. The diagnosis of CRPS is based upon a set of signs and symptoms derived from the history and examination of the patient. The treatment of CRPS is aimed at improving function and requires the use of a interdisciplinary team encompassing physiotherapy, psychological therapies and pain management. The management of CRPS depends on prompt diagnosis and early management as response to treatment is adversely affected by any delays. In the UK recent guidelines have been developed for the diagnosis and management in the context of both primary and secondary care (2). JM in this case had been managed primarily by an orthopaedic team who had not linked his symptoms with a diagnosis of CRPS. CRPSs management requires a multidisciplinary approach based upon the published Four Pillars of Intervention (3). The Four Pillars of Treatment for CRPS Patient information and education Patients should be provided with appropriate education about CRPS to support self management Patients should be reassured the physical and occupational therepy are safe and appropriate and engaged in the process of goal setting and review Pain relief (medication and procedure) No individual drug can be recommended at current time due to lack of evidence but the following may be considered a)neuropathic pain medication b)pamidronate 60mg iv single dose in pts with CRPS

Negotiation Techniques and Third-Party Intervention

Some of the techniques that can be used to lessen a person’s reluctance in order to avoid the need for a third party to intervene and manage negotiations are: not negotiating or postponing negotiations until there is an indication that there is something to gain that may not be possible to be gained through other alternatives. Reluctance is at times considered reversed psychology and it is recommended not to fall victim of this trap, one must prepare well and take comfort, and not appear to be anxious in the face of your counterpart.These techniques are consistent with the negotiation process in the sense that if the other person’s attitude does not change to coincide with yours, negotiations should be terminated, by simply refusing to negotiate in the style dictated by the other side. Negotiations can be terminated completely or postponed, with the condition that your requirements regarding approach or process will be met. Using these techniques and knowing your altern atives during the negotiation process can pay off big.Considering the event of this situation, I would let the other company know of my concerns regarding the tone, and attitude of reluctance from a member of their team. If the matter if not corrected within reasonable time, I would postpone negotiations for a later date (if time permits) while also designating the location for the meeting and provide the conditions regarding the current issues.If by then the person’s attitude still does not coincide with mine, I will analyze how important achieving this goal is and if there are any other alternatives to gain the desired results. Depending on the outcome of the analysis I can then decide to accept the changes without involving a third party or refuse to negotiate until requirements are met. If the attitude of reluctance changes to a more cooperative attitude, negotiations can proceed, while still maintaining a close eye on the person that was previously reluctant. There is a high possibility that the person, who earlier displayed an unacceptable attitude, can now view the situation as a contest.Therefore, one must have to control responses to the various intimidating and manipulative tactics that may be used against you. In such case, a concentrated effort should be made to use counter tactics designed to emphasize that you have what the company needs . Lastly, it should be confirmed at the outset that the goal is for a complete  agreement and that each issue or solution is tentative until the entire matter is addressed and agreed upon. This will provide all parties the flexibility to find solutions and trade-offs at the end of negotiations. It also protects parties from unscrupulous tactics by the other side . Regardless of the outcome, one must always know when and how to control the negotiation process to avoid the involvement of third parties.

Smackey Dog Food

Thea, nice work on the paper! You answered almost every question competently and thoroughly. The only question you might have done better on  is Q10 for more detail on the rules that apply.. Thank you! Worksheet for You Decide Name Thea Zental____ Course Code AC 555_____ Grade ___Date 02/19/2012 Questions: Q1:Discuss how the SEC has influence (if any) over the audit of Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. Solution: The SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) has a great influence on the audit of Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. , which is conducted by Keller CPAs. When auditing a publicly held company, auditors need to observe principles.The ethical principles of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Code of Professional Conduct are independence, responsibilities, the public interest, integrity, objectivity and independence, due care, and scope and nature of services. More specifically, audit team members are required to be objective and independent with regard to the audit by maintaining objectivity and being free of conflicts of interest in discharging professional responsibilities and by being independent in fact and appearance when providing auditing and other attestation services.Through this one can see how influential the SEC is. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, auditors have to be objective and independent otherwise legal sanctions can be incurred. Even though the above mentioned standards are imposed for audits of public companies, they can also be applied to the audit of a non public company like Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. Q2: Discuss the essential activities involved in the initial planning of an audit. How do these all specifically to the Smackey Dog Food client? Solution: First the audit team needs to understand the client’s business and industry.It can be profitable for the audit firm to have experience in having audited other food manufacturer in preparing and performing the audit for Smackey. So far, members of the Audit team, the audit manager Pete and two audit staffers Ben and Maureen, have to understand the client’s business and industry. The next step would be to assess the client’s business risk. Business risk is the risk that measures by how much a company (here: Smackey) will fail to achieve its objectives. In this activity, the audit team assesses the risk of material misstatements arising from Smackey’s business risk.For example, the high wastage in Smackey’s Best Dog division presents a lot of business risk, and therefore material misstatement risk. Following, the audit team will perform preliminary analytical procedures. Keller CPAs needs to compare the performance of Smackey’s with the industry (these are other competitors) to further support its initial assessment of business risk. These analytical procedures help the audit team indentify areas where the risks of misstatement are very high. Next, Keller CPA’s set materiality and assess acceptable audit risk and inherent risk.The Smackey audit team now has to set the acceptable level of materiality. The circumstances of Smackey have to be taken into account in setting materiality level as this level is purely a relative and subject to auditor’s judgment. Then, the audit team is able to develop an overall audit plan and audit program. The audit plan and program aims to achieve the audit risk objectives of the audit team and to provide reasonable assurance and basis for the audit report and opinion. Q3:Discuss the 4 stages of the audit and the major activities performed by the auditor in each phase.Give an example of how each of these specifically applies to the Smackey Dog Food, Inc audit. For instance, examine the apparent internal control weaknesses and possible negative outcome of each. Solution: Stage 1: Planning and Risk assessment – During the planning stage the audit team will need to gain an understanding of the Smackey Dog Foods business and industry. More spe cifically, the design and implementation of the client’s internal control procedures, processes and systems are studied and analyzed for the audit team to be able to assess the control risk for each f the transaction-related audit objective – occurrence, completeness, accuracy, classification, timing and posting and summarization. After this they can assess the risk. The first risk they may want to look at is the control risk by taking a look at how the internal controls system works at Smackey Dog Foods. Stage 2: Test of internal controls – By testing the effectiveness of the internal controls the auditor can determine the control risk that lies within the company.The audit team can perform tests of controls by making inquiries of appropriate client personnel, examining documents, records, and reports maintained by Smackey, observing control-related activities such as the one done for the inventory procedures for returned Best Boy Gourmet dog food, and re-perfo rm the client procedures. Stage 3: Substantive tests of Transactions – The Smackey audit team needs to perform substantive tests on the balances of the accounts receivables and inventory accounts. Moreover, substantive tests can be done through performing substantive tests of transactions, analytical procedures and test of details of balances.By running tests of transactions, which is similar to test of internal controls the auditor will take an invoice but this time verifying the monetary amount of the transaction. Stage 4: Audit Completion – At this stage, the audit team compiles a report to Smackey’s management as regards matters that came to the team’s attention during the audit, evaluates and reviews the audit evidence obtained in the audit, and considers the audit opinion to be issued based on the evidence obtained Q4:Describe Keller CPAs’ responsibilities related to communications regarding internal control matters.What internal controls iss ues do you identify? Solution: According to auditing standards and professional conduct the auditor is required that the auditor relay information, in writing, to management and those charged with governance, significant deficiencies and material weaknesses identified in an audit. The following internal control issues were found as regards the audit for Smackey Dog Food, Inc. and thus have to be communicated to appropriate people within Smackey: 1. Granting of commissions to sales people based on estimated sales.This internal control issue presents risks as regards the company’s financial resources as sales people might be paid for sales not made, and there is no refund process for commissions paid for this type of sale. 2. Segregation of duties as regards the handling of inventory. With only one person assigned with the preparation and approving all inventory records, the changes of material misstatements are high. 3. Lack of control procedures and guidelines in handling ret urned dog foods which presented opportunities wherein employees take home returned items.Lack of control procedures and guidelines in handling and recording accounts receivable. This is much more important now since a major client which represents 31 % of total sales is experience financial difficulty. Moreover, the urgency of these procedures and guidelines is in light of the magnitude of receivables (29 % of total assets). Q5:You decide that you will address Smackey Dog Food, Inc. ’s accounts receivables through confirmations. Discuss the various types of confirmations and what forms you will implement and why. Solution:When auditing there are two types of accounts receivable confirmation, which are positive and negative confirmations. Positive Confirmation – Is a request by the debtor to confirm whether the balance as stated on the request is correct or incorrect. Two types of positive confirmation are blank confirmation form and invoice confirmation. Blank Confirma tion Form – Does not state the amount of the confirmation but requests to either fill the balance in or furnish more information. Invoice Confirmation – This is where instead of an entire account balance being confirmed a single transaction is confirmed.Negative Confirmation – This is when there is a disagreement on the stated balance In relation to Smackey dog foods I would implement an Invoice confirmation based on the info given it seems to be a good place to start confirming balances would to be directly linked to the invoices. Taking into mind the amount of returns and how they would directly affect the invoice that was paid but then returned also means that any money that was made on that invoice has also been returned. Q6:What are the major factors affecting sample size for confirming accounts receivable? Solution:Factors affecting the sample size for confirming accounts receivable are as follows: Tolerable accounts receivable and financial statement miss tatement; Inherent risk, which is dependent on the size of total accounts receivable, the number of accounts, prior-year results, and expected misstatements; Control risk; Achieved detection risk based on other substantive tests; and Type of confirmation. Generally a positive confirmation requires a smaller number of sample sizes. Q7:A major issue in verifying the ending balance in property, plant and equipment is the possibility of legal encumbrances.Discuss what specific concern do you have. Describe the procedures your firm will perform to obtain evidence about existing legal encumbrances. Solution: Here are the procedures that Keller CPAs will need to perform to obtain evidence about existing legal encumbrances include: 1. Inquiry with property, plant and equipment custodians 2. Review of minutes of meetings 3. Review of items noted during property, plant and equipment inventory observations 4. Confirmation of the client’s liabilities 5. Reading and reviewing lease agreem ents 6.Reading and reviewing property, plant and equipment purchase contracts and agreements The above procedures aim to assess whether encumbrances and liens to the property, plant and equipment have been identified and whether property currently pledged as collateral on a loan has not been sold or damaged. Q8:The client wants to know if you will be present at the year-end inventory. What is your decision and why? What role or actions will you take at the inventory if you decide to attend the inventory. Why? Solution: I think it is very important for the audit team to be at the year-end inventory.The reason for this being is that way the audit team can see how Smackey Dog food performs an inventory check. Secondly, they can take part in the inventory themselves by observation, as well as physical checking and counting of the inventory. After deciding to attend I would ask for a copy of the inventory check list and also ask for the ability to check the inventory along with the rest of the team. By gaining a hands on check this will allow the auditors to see if the controls over inventory are working and that the inventory check lists is correct and states all the inventory that Smackey Dog foods has.Q9:Considering the general six functions that make up the inventory and warehousing cycle for Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. , identify the related documents and/or records that would be used. From your analysis of the internal controls related to the inventory and warehousing cycle of Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. , what internal control weaknesses exist? Solution: The six general functions that make up the client’s inventory and warehousing cycle are: 1. Processing of purchase orders – purchase requisitions, quotations from suppliers, and purchase orders 2. Receipt of purchased materials – receiving report 3.Storage of materials or inventory – materials requisition form 4. Processing raw materials – job cost sheet, process cost sheets 5. Sto rage of finished goods – sales invoice, sales order form. 6. Shipping finished goods – shipping form and invoices. The internal control weaknesses that exist based on the six functions that make up the warehousing cycle as stated earlier the lack of procedure set for handling the large amount of returned dog food. There is also nothing stating that they record the transaction when the dog food is returned so that could also mean they never took the profit off the books.The other weakness is separation of duties in the warehouse Kim alone has control over inventory, production and shipping. That is too much for one person to handle especially when her attention has been taken by one specific line of food that the company produces. Smackey needs to bring in people to a great extent to help Kim and reduce her workload. By doing this it will also lower the risk that inventory, production or shipping could become misstated. Q10:Discuss if Keller CPAs or its auditors are bre aching any Professional Rules of Conduct and why or why not?Solution: Several things occurred that make me believe yes the Keller CPAs are breaching some of the rules of conduct. One issue that sticks out immediately is Pete and Allen’s relationship. Pete and Allen have actually discussed the audit over a few beers which should not have occurred. This creates a conflict of interest and independence. Another problem that Keller CPAs are faced with is the lack of knowledge of the industry topped with taking on the audit in a crunched time frame to complete it in.By doing this the possibly of the audit team gaining enough knowledge of the industry to perform an audit up to standards in the small time frame is going to be a task in itself. If the audit team had a larger time frame this would be ok but in such a small time frame they won’t be able to spend that much time learning the industry and this could lead to not being able to perform an audit following all audit stan dards. Q11:Discuss the CPA firm’s legal liability concerns for this audit if they make a material unintentional or intentional mistake. Include any other legal liability concerns regarding possible Professional Rule violations.Solution: The CPA firm could face some serious legal consequences if they make an unintentional or intentional mistake. The main liabilities that I see between the audit team and the Smackey Dog Food audit itself is liability to clients, and liability to third parties. Liability to clients – In this case this would be where if the auditors missed any fraud occurring and therefore the client can turn around and sue the Keller audit team. In terms of Smackey Dog Food directly, one area of possible fraud is in the inventory department and the returned inventory area.With the lack of separate of duties and the fact that two employees essentially run the whole inventory department it might not even be intentional fraud it maybe just a misstatement and lack of controls over inventory that caused it. But the auditor needs to discover this to avoid any legal action. Liability to third parties – This occurs if the Keller auditor team fails to find any material misstatements on the financial statements and then the bank would loans Smackey funds, but shortly after Smackey goes bankrupt. This would open up the auditor to be able to be sued by the bank for not catching the misstatements on the financials.

Amazon.com strategic management

Amazon.com strategic management Competitor’s environment analysis The market share of Amazon.com has been constantly increasing over the years and is expected to reach fifty percent of the total market share in the next few months. In less than three years, the company had tripled its total share of the American book business across all formats. Consequently, this implies that at the end of this year, Amazon.com is expected to control more than half of the American book business for all formats.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Amazon.com strategic management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 2007, it owned approximately 15 percent of all American book sales across all formats. This has been followed by a steady increase hence analysts have used the statistics to predict its future market share which is expected to be more than 50 percent (Pettinger 2013). Currently, the company has approximately 30 percent of the market share in book business for all formats. This market share is much higher than of other competitors in the market. In the most recent period, the company’s working profit margin dropped from 1.5% to 1.1%. This drop was also realized in the previous quarter. On the other hand, its gross margin increased from 24% to 26.6% while their operating profits reduced by 6 percent. This drop was majorly affected by the foreign exchange rates (Bensinger 2013, para 1). The company has a higher net income ($82 million) compared to other companies in the market. Due to technological advancements, the company has been able to grow at a faster rate than its competitors i.e. Barnes Noble, Inc., Apple, Wal-Mart.com. Therefore, the company provides its customers with a wide variety of products and at lower prices than its competitors. This has improved its image both in the local and international market. Amazon.com is considered to be one of the leading hosting companies in the world taking into account the number of web-facing computers. The company’s share price is valued at $288.79, for a total price of $643,424.12. A number of market analysts have downgraded its shares in a study carried out for investors. Competitors Direct Competitor Comparison    Amazon Apple Inc Barnes Noble, Inc Market Capitalization: 130.02B 456.40B 860.98M Workforce: 88,420 72,850 33,855 Quarterly growth review 0.22 0.01 -0.07 Income 66.85B 170.45B 6.86B GM/GROSS MARGIN 0.26 0.38 0.25 EBITDA 2.92B 55.88B 29.64M Operational margin 0.01 0.29 -0.03 Net revenue -101.00M 37.76B -175.86M PEG (5 yr expected): 9.12 0.7 0.1 Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/amzn/profile?ltr=1 Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through e-business, especially online transactions, Amazon.com ensures that its customers and consumers get timely and qualitative webst ores, case studies, books, electronics, webinars and press coverage solutions at their convenience. This, in turn, attracts many customers and consumers to various stores that Amazon.com has strategically placed in websites. The company also offers high quality of services for all customers including the intended e-business (Mennen 2010). Additionally, Amazon.com is supposed to maintain and adhere to all codes of conducts. For instance, unlike electronic commercial companies, Amazon.com ensures that the right procedures and protocols are followed before an individual is employed or laid off from the company. This encourages many qualified people to seek purchase with Amazon.com. When such qualified persons are employed in various sectors of Amazon.com, they offer relevant skills and knowledge required for the success of the company through the intended e-business. In a competitive manner, before a worker is laid off, he or she is given the chance to improve his or her work. This enc ourages the labor force, in Amazon.com, work extra hard in their assigned duties and roles to ensure the success of the company through the mentioned online transactions. Moreover, the company offers online opportunities to its workers to acquire various up-to-date methods of meals preparation. It also encourages its clients to seek more goods outside the company (Lussier, 2012). Internal environment analysis Amazon.com has a number of resources which includes providing solution to Webstore, case studies, Webinars and press coverage. The company has constantly proved its capability and competencies by realizing a 13 percent increase in its sales. Moreover, it had attained a landmark which had been considered to be impossible in the fourth quarter; it obtained a net profit of $5 million. It also opened its kit store, which comprised of clothing from retailers. Customers are able to connect to the company’s website and make orders for their favorite products (Lussier 2012, p. 4 7). Therefore, it does not have to sell their products through the wholesalers and retailers.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Amazon.com strategic management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The exclusion of middlemen in their business has led to the reduction of the cost of their products hence the company is able to obtain more customers compared to their competitors in the local and international market. It has also increased its customer’s data base in the last few years hence their customer accounts are estimated to reach approximately 2.26 by the end of this year. Amazon.com has a number of value chain activities. For instance, their traditional value chain has a number of support activities including procurement, technology, and human resources. It also carries out marketing and sales of their products. The entrenched system of marketing carried out to their potential customers is considered to be the best approach of increasing their sales. The company has also put a lot of focus on its operational competencies, and low valued procurement. Their customer center of attention means that a lot of weight is still given to the customer. Consequently, there is a huge balance among the activities. Amazon.com currently has many strategies and objectives to achieve before the end of the year. The company is planning to establish a great business with an efficient operation by changing from shorter business cycle to longer business cycle. The company’s major strategy is to change their management system to guide it through their current process of revolution and renewal. This is majorly aimed at improving their performance in the both the local and international market (Pahl Richter 2007). The major strategy of Amazon.com is to incorporate e-business provisions to enhance its online transactional operations. It also wants to establish retail units at strategic sites in large websites that are commerce oriented so as to expand their customer base. The achievements of amazon.Com originate from a proper understanding of the e-commerce and obviously this is its main competitive advantage. Their major strategy is based on the knowledge of online transactions, conserving customers, providing significance and quality to their services. Rather than just offering discounts, they offer services linked to privatization of accounts, secure payments, fast service delivery, and e-mails, providing reliable customer service. Amazon.com aims at placing these e-business provisions at strategic online sites. According to Pettinger (2013), the company will then offer marvelous services, after proper establishment of brand e-business. Following this, all food products from Amazon.com Company will be ferried to customers who have paid online. Another strategy that Amazon.com utilizes is the use of offers of various franchise opportunities. These opportunities will help Amazo n.com to widen its e-business coverage and acquire additional revenue stream.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Bensinger (2013), e-business further requires a strong management team that has adequate information and knowledge on business management, hospitality and advertising (Hitt, Hoskisson Ireland 2013). Through e-business, it intends to set up operational office in major towns in the world to be used as the business hubs. Later, Amazon.com intends to target franchise customers, who are in need of self-employment but can access internet and order and pay for goods online. Such customers will ensure constant growth of the company with minimal disturbances. Amazon.com also intends to target university campuses as potential franchises. The company will further expand in order to incorporate customers, who seek low cost products to support e-business. E-business has increased the efficiency of the company (Bensinger, 2013). As a result, Amazon.com is able to offer new niche spark in various static markets. There are also low development risks; hence, the company is able to sell its products without fear of incurring losses. The success of Amazon.com Company is also enhanced by similarities in the United State culture and trends of various ways that are used to sell electronic products in the streets. This, in turn, helps create a proper and successful transferable business model. Amazon.com is also able to make maximum use of brand and the expansion of various markets segments, like online stores. Additionally, the company has well-organized management team, team ensures little or no management risk in the context of e-business (BÖhm, 2009). Customers can buy qualitative webstores, case studies, books, electronics, webinars and press coverage solutions from Amazon.com Company. Through online transactions, these types of services attract many customers since they have a high level of customization to suit a purchasers’ taste. The online reading tools, within Amazon.com, also attract many customers. Through e-business, this can be enhanced by ena bling quick online transactions (Morden 2007). This will help in proper and timely preparation for individual demands. Amazon.com aims at diversifying its revenue stream, in the coming years. SWOT analysis of Amazon.com When subjected to SWOT analysis, Amazon.com has numerous strengths in its business endeavors. The company has several competitive advantages compared to its rivals in the electronic commerce industry. Additionally, it has established right products for its clients. This is evident in the online publications, reliability, and variability in the services it offers. Additionally, it embraces technology and innovation to ensure that it remains competitive. According to Lussier (2012), the company has trained competent human capitals hence capable of achieving customer satisfaction. Amazon.com has equally enhanced its customer services and changed business processes in order to attain the desired competitiveness. Strengths The Company has cost leadership strategy which is aimed at delivering products and services at a cheaper price compared to that of their competitors in the market. This plan is achievable via economies of scale. Therefore, the company has to provide a variety of products and services to their customers to attain the economies of scale and make profit on the cheaper cost of presenting its products in its online market (Mennen 2010, p. 7). Amazon.com provides its customers with the most excellent quality services and products. Additionally, it is dependable, convenient, and sells its products at cheaper prices. Therefore, it has dominated the market for many years and is still expected to be one of the leading companies across the world. The other strength of the company is that it has been effectively purchasing new firms. This will guarantee that their new-fangled commodities, services, competencies, and possessions are brought to the company. Considering the premeditated accomplishments, the corporation hardly enjoys the ability to offer cloud services to its customers, but also improve its Information Management abilities. The corporation has a regimented logistics as well as supply networks. In addition, they are geographically located in every country to increase the speed of distribution and at a cheaper cost. Through the use of more advanced IT skills to provide various products online, the company has been able to practice economies of scope (Pahl Richter 2007, p. 271). Amazon.com intends to use its e-business to gain broader exposure to the market world. Indeed, presence or existence of such technologies makes Amazon.com stand out as a merger proposition or attractive acquisition. Amazon.com will eventually ripe its success in the world. This is because its owners and management team has the appropriate skills and knowledge to ensure its success. Through e-business, Amazon.com pricing model involves the production of electronic commerce products that are of high quality in order to offer competition to other companies. It also offers online transactional provisions as mentioned earlier. This encourages many consumers, customers and investors to buy its products online (Hitt, Hoskisson Ireland 2013). Similarly, the company produces affordable products, which most people can afford. Amazon.com is a corporation greatly involved into the scientific arena, and has been successful over the past decades since its commencement in 1995. Even though there are many challenges, Amazon has tackled them, and finding appropriate inventive methods of staying ahead of its competitors. According to Morden (2007), this has made it a preferred site, thereby boosting Amazon.com sales. Another powerful tool in analyzing a business situation is the porter’s five forces tool. It is beneficial since it assists in understanding not only the strengths of the present competitive position but also issues influencing the strategy development. Being among the first corporations to offer e-commerce, Amazon.com enjoys certain level of serenity into the market. They remain strong in the market because of their continued innovation to reach maximum consumer satisfaction. This gives them a competitive advantage over their rivals. Weaknesses One of the weaknesses of the company is that it is only present online. Unlike other retailers like Wal-Mart and target, the physical occurrence of the company cannot be felt by its customers. Therefore, their customers are not able to see and touch their products and services before buying them. A number of their products are also traded at zero margins (Morden 2007). Their main aim is to increase their market share and reduce competition, but it is considered to be a short term move. Consequently, this move will affect the company’s profits in the long run. For instance, their competitors can adopt after sometime and regain their market share by using a different approach. The other flaw of the corporation is that it has an off-putting hype. According to BÖhm (2009), the instances where it was accused of evading tax in America and UK has led to the negative publicity across the world. Poor warehouse conditions for their employees are also being condemned by many people globally. Moreover, the entity is usually under siege due to its price inequality and anti-competitive actions. Opportunities The Company has an online payment system and this is considered to mostly benefit mobile buyers who always purchase their products on the go hence are not able to give their personal information. Moreover, the services can also be used by a number of other online traders at a small charge. Since Amazon.com discharges a number of its native brand commodities. The company is planning to improve the assortment of their products and services through purchases. For instance, it has purchased a number of companies to effectively increase the rate at which it provides it products and services to the customers. Amazon.com enjoys what it takes to establish numerous online stores in all the countries internationally. Consequently, this will help in sustaining the current levels of development (Depamphilis, 2012). Basically, opportunities available for Amazon.com are numerous. The growing demand for webstores, case studies, books, electronics, webinars and press coverage solutions in the world pose great opportunities to the company. Amazon.com also strives to remain competitive and embrace novel business strategies in its endeavors’ to lead the market despite the challenges. The provision of affordable webstores, case studies, books, electronics, webinars, press coverage solutions and professional services are core opportunities the company can exploit. Another opportunity incorporates favorable legal provisions in the regions, the company’s brand name, as well as the attained market trust (Lussier 2012). It is upon Amazon.com to resolve its marketing hiccups and cease all the business opportuni ties it has in the region. Accordingly, the business models initiated Amazon.com to restructure its market approach created critical opportunities for the company. Amazon.com also enjoys the trust and services offered by the affiliated specialists and other associated electronic commercial companies. Such opportunities should be utilized by the company to outdo other competitors. Basically, there is a growing market for webstores, case studies, books, electronics, webinars and press coverage solutions offered by Amazon.com (Morden 2007). This is a critical business opportunity for the company as mentioned earlier. Threats The Company keeps their customers’ vital personal information which has become a target for the online burglars. It is also at risk of being fined by the UK and American authorities for evading tax. Accordingly, the threats that Amazon.com faces are numerous as mentioned earlier. This incorporates competitions from other printing companies, emerging/competit ive online businesses, uncooperative affiliate specialists, management challenges, unstructured merger policies, and other considerable hiccups. Other competitors include Apple Inc., Barnes Noble, Inc., and Wal-Mart.com. Additionally, some of the acquired marketing strategies are not proficient enough to provide the prospected quality services. Additionally, international policies in some countries could restrict its operations in those countries thus limiting access of products offered by Amazon.com in those countries. Another political issue concerns regulations. Most web users do not trust internet contents, which could hinder making purchases of Amazon.com products online. Besides, in some cases like online crime, an individual cannot go to legal authorities since they are not available. Another threat is that variations in currency in different countries where exchanges are exceedingly devalued as compared to the dollar could result into extra costs on the company. Moreover, s ome costs of products could increase, which could affect consumer demand for those products. Most customers also prefer making purchases through normal commercial dealings rather than buying products online (Depamphilis, 2012, p. 145). Recommendations For the company to affectively compete in the local and international market, it should be present both online and physically. Consequently, this will give individuals an opportunity to see and touch the products it is planning to purchase. Amazon.com should also avoid selling its products at zero margins as this will negatively affect its profits. To improve its public image, the company should avoid its anti-competitive actions and be fair on their prices. The security of their online shoppers should also be taken into consideration by safely storing their personal information. The market environment is very important for a business since it enables a firm to operate effectively. It is recommendable that considerable focus be put in place to manage these aspects of the company. Even though the market environment of the business is relatively complex to control, Amazon.com should try to take control as it is important for its success. Amazon.com is successful in managing its online market environment; nonetheless, it should strive further for excellence. It is recommendable that much success in their business can be attained (Pettinger 2013). This can be achieved through proper management of online market environment. However, it is recommended that proper measures be put in place to help in managing unpredictable events that leads to losses of revenues besides causing reputation degradation. It is important to consider the recommendations made in order to enhance the relevancy of Amazon.com in the world market and nonmarket environment. It is generally recommendable that the company should enhance its marketing strategies through a viable market plan. It is important also to note that Amazon.com should enhance most of its services and enhance the technological aspects for efficiency of its service provisions. This is a critical provision in the quarters of service enhancement and provision of viable online services as demanded by the growing pool of customers. According to Kotler Armstrong (2008), the market analysis for Amazon.com would help it to utilize its investments assets effectively. The firm needs to invest substantial resources into customer relationship management in order to build a long lasting relationship with its clients. It needs to develop skills that would ensure that its customers keep returning to their establishments because of the good experience in its services (Kotler Armstrong, 2008). Another viable recommendation for Amazon.com is the quality assurance requirements. It is the mandate of the company to cope with the situation in a positive manner as it sources for viable options helpful in this context. The competition problem should not continue to distract th e efficiency of the company since there are efforts on the ground to correct it. As indicated before, caution during online transactions can help considerably in the matter. Additionally, the quality department should ensure that webstores, case studies, books, electronics, webinars and press coverage solutions produced by the company are efficient to use. Consequently, the company will achieve its quality demands stipulated in this context. It is crucial for Amazon.com to consider this provision in the entire production context in order to remain relevant and competitive in the industry. According to Depamphilis (2012), executing the demanded security provisions will equally contribute to the alleged quality provisions and production efficiencies. List of references Bensinger, G 2013. Amazon Grows, and Spends. Web. BÖhm, A 2009, The SWOT Analysis, GRIN Verlag, München. Depamphilis, D 2012, Mergers, acquisitions, and other restructuring activities: an integrated approach to process, tools, cases, and solutions, Academic, Amsterdam. Hitt, M., Hoskisson, R Ireland, R 2013, Strategic management: competitiveness globalization : cases, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Kotler, P Armstrong, G 2008, Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall PRESS, Harlow. Lussier, R 2012, Management fundamentals: concepts, applications, skill development, South-Western, Mason, OH. Mennen, M 2010, Global Corporate Strategy A Critical Analysis and Evaluation of Amazon.com, GRIN Verlag GmbH, München. Morden, T 2007, Principles of strategic management, Ashgate, Aldershot. Pahl, N Richter, A 2007, SWOT analysis: idea, methodology and a practical approach, GRIN Verlag, Munchen. Pettinger, T 2013. The monopoly power of Amazon. Web.

Free Essays on Siddhartha

In Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha, Unity is a reflecting theme of this novel and in life. Unity is â€Å"the state of being one or a unit; harmony, agreement in feelings or ideas or aims, etc.† Unity is first introduced by means of the river and by the mystical word â€Å"Om.† Direct commentary from Siddhartha and the narrator also introduces the theme. Frequent allusions to the river correspond w/ Siddhartha’s infinite thoughts of Unity and his initial plans to strive for it. Siddhartha has a number of specific goals during the course of this novel, but in no way does this detract from the bare nature of his ultimate goal. The accomplishment of specific goals was an important part of the progression approaching his absolute state of Unity. Siddhartha see things united and somehow entangled in a seemingly endless and meaningless circular chain of events. Allusions frequently show Siddhartha’s conditions by means of clever imagery suggesting circular motion and an immobile state. Siddhartha is first compared to a potter’s wheel that slowly revolves and comes to a stop. From here, Siddhartha meets the elegant and beautiful, Kamala, gets caught â€Å"off track† and entangles himself in a â€Å"senseless cycle† of acquiring and squandering wealth. In the final chapters, Siddhartha proves that achieving or over-coming obstacles do lead to better Unity. Prior to making a leap forward in reaching his goal, Siddhartha finds himself in despair. He speaks to Vasudeva, the ferryman. The ferryman smiles and says very little, allowing the River to speak for him. Siddhartha listens as the River reveals its first true, complete message. â€Å"Om.† Siddhartha hears. His â€Å"wounds† heal, losing the attachment he had for his son. Siddhartha merges into Unity; he attains his ultimate goal. The River is essential in helping Siddhartha come to an important realization of Unity. He hears the river laugh at him, making him realize that he is ac... Free Essays on Siddhartha Free Essays on Siddhartha In Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha, Unity is a reflecting theme of this novel and in life. Unity is â€Å"the state of being one or a unit; harmony, agreement in feelings or ideas or aims, etc.† Unity is first introduced by means of the river and by the mystical word â€Å"Om.† Direct commentary from Siddhartha and the narrator also introduces the theme. Frequent allusions to the river correspond w/ Siddhartha’s infinite thoughts of Unity and his initial plans to strive for it. Siddhartha has a number of specific goals during the course of this novel, but in no way does this detract from the bare nature of his ultimate goal. The accomplishment of specific goals was an important part of the progression approaching his absolute state of Unity. Siddhartha see things united and somehow entangled in a seemingly endless and meaningless circular chain of events. Allusions frequently show Siddhartha’s conditions by means of clever imagery suggesting circular motion and an immobile state. Siddhartha is first compared to a potter’s wheel that slowly revolves and comes to a stop. From here, Siddhartha meets the elegant and beautiful, Kamala, gets caught â€Å"off track† and entangles himself in a â€Å"senseless cycle† of acquiring and squandering wealth. In the final chapters, Siddhartha proves that achieving or over-coming obstacles do lead to better Unity. Prior to making a leap forward in reaching his goal, Siddhartha finds himself in despair. He speaks to Vasudeva, the ferryman. The ferryman smiles and says very little, allowing the River to speak for him. Siddhartha listens as the River reveals its first true, complete message. â€Å"Om.† Siddhartha hears. His â€Å"wounds† heal, losing the attachment he had for his son. Siddhartha merges into Unity; he attains his ultimate goal. The River is essential in helping Siddhartha come to an important realization of Unity. He hears the river laugh at him, making him realize that he is ac... Free Essays on Siddhartha AP Themes Siddhartha Response Paper In â€Å"By the River†, why did Siddhartha wish so much for oblivion and death? What does this suggest about his growth? The chapter â€Å"By the River† illustrates the overwhelming of Siddhartha by the worldly pleasures he had previously set out to explore. After the bitter realization that his life was engrossed in the endless cycle of Samsara, he yearns for the peace of death or any oblivion where he would not have to dwell on the â€Å"sins† which has contaminated his body and soul. As Siddhartha reflects on the errors which he has committed, he laments the convolution of his life’s goals. â€Å"Why should he go further, where, and for what purpose? There was no more purpose; there was nothing more than a deep, painful longing to shake off this whole confused dream†¦to make an end to this bitter, painful life† (88) Through his uncontrolled exploring of the life of materialism, Siddhartha has now lost all sense of purpose in life; or more to the point, true purpose. He had delved too deeply into the life of the â€Å"ordinary† and ceased to realize his true goal of enlightenment which rests outside of the cycle of Samsara. In addition to the loss of his goal, Siddhartha had also lost the qualities which made him distinct from those caught within the cycle of materialism, namely, the abilities to fast, think, and meditate. This represents a loss of identity, where Siddhartha, believing that he was in full control, gradually becomes caught within the lifestyle which he once so despised; eventually experiencing a character change into a person living for the pleasures of the world, instead of his previous goal which strived toward the metaphysical. This â€Å"humbling† of Siddhartha is an essential component of his growth toward enlightenment. Siddhartha’s growth is characterized by the experiences he has, not so much the physical experiences as the emotional. Whereas he has been so self-assur... Free Essays on Siddhartha Society’s youth today reflects much of what is said and portrayed in Siddhartha’s life. Siddhartha had to make many decisions in his life that affected him forever. Teens, such as myself, also make decisions involving the future, high school, friends, and other activities. Siddhartha’s main goal is finding a place and destiny in life. It seems awkward to say that teens are finding a ‘destiny’, but in reality, high school students are trying to find a place in which they fit in, in other words, a â€Å"clique.† There are many conflicting ideas and misunderstanding viewpoints between adults and teens. This is shown with Siddhartha as well. Siddhartha rebelled against his fathers’ wants by leaving his house. After being persistent of leaving his house, Siddhartha’s father reluctantly allowed him to move on; however, conflict did occur. Future is a huge question that is related to Siddhartha and youth today. It is something I face almost every day. Siddhartha was uncertain of his future and what path he wanted to take, either the samana way, to become an â€Å"enlightened one,† or the luxurious game life. I am debating whether to stay in the IB program, what college I would like to attend, and what leisure activities I choose to engage in. Reading the novel, Siddhartha has actually helped and encouraged me in many ways. It forced me to look at questions involving the future, adults, friends, and rebellion and owing this handy book will be useful even when I go off to college. Siddhartha, like many teens share similar problems when choosing their â€Å"path of life,† but in reality, everyone has lived through such situations, others just realizing it more.... Free Essays on Siddhartha Siddhartha Siddhartha written by Hermann Hesse is a colorful and rich novel about the search for self-knowledge. Siddhartha, the handsome son of a Brahmin, was on the journey â€Å"to find the way to himself,† and obtain nirvana. Siddhartha take many paths before he reaches enlightenment. In the beginning of the novel he separates from his family to go live in the woods with the Samanas. There he learned three noble and invincible arts: fasting, waiting, and thinking. Through these arts Siddhartha and Govinda, his best friend and follower, were able to meditate, and aquire self-knowledge. After living with the Samanas the two men traveled to see the Buddah, and learn from his teaching of how to â€Å"find salvation.† Govinda stayed with Gautma to become a follower and a monk. Siddartha did not gain much from Gautma’s teachings so he departed reflecting â€Å"deeply as he went on his way.† Siddhartha â€Å"realized that he was no longer a youth; he was now a man.† He was seeking Brahman, Atman, he wished to destroy himself in order to find in the unknown innermost, the nucleus of all things, Atman, Life, the Divine, the Absolute. Siddhartha learned something new on every step of his path. He came across a grove where he meet the beautiful Kamala. She told the Samana that, â€Å"he was not yet good enough. He must have cloths, fine cloths, and shoes, fine shoes, and plenty of money I in his purse and presents for Kamala.† To accommodate Kamala, Siddhartha went and received a job from one of the most respected merchants. While he was satisfying Kamala he learned the art of love, but he lost his self confidence because he was converting himself into a self-centered society. â€Å"His heart became full of misery, he felt he could no longer endure it.† At the same time Siddhartha had a dream that the Kamala’s songbird lay stiff on the floor of i ts cage. The bird is symbolic of Siddhartha, who had been caged by the requests of Kamala. In ...

Jane Addams' Vision of Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jane Addams' Vision of Democracy - Essay Example She spent seven years after her graduation trying to identify a worthwhile career. (US Political thought). In search of clarity, she made two trips to Europe. The first was in 1883-85. The second was in 1887-88. During her second trip she visited Toynbee Hall and was greatly influenced by what she saw. She decided to establish a similar settlement house in Chicago. Joining hands with her friend Ellen Gates Starr, she opened the Hull House in September 1889. The life history of Jane Addams is marked by ups and downs. The ebbs and tides of social recognition she received were severe and strong. Her defense of the anarchists following the assassination of the President William McKinlev (September 1901) showed her in poor light. But it was her stand against the involvement of America in the First World War that brought her name and fame to a record low level. The negative feedbacks never slowed her down. Jean Bethke Elshtain points out, "Elizabeth Dilling described Jane Addams as a dangerous radical masquerading as a saintly champion of the poor." (Elshtain 19) Jane Addams seemed to accept bouquets and brickbats gracefully. She was continuing on her chosen path. In 1931 she was awarded the honorary doctorate by the University of Chicago. In the same year, she got Nobel Award jointly with Nicholas Murray Butler. The beautiful life sketch drawn by Jean Bethke Elshtain brings out vividly how Jane Addams who fought to improve the living standards of the residents of Hull House, was drawn into the realms of dangerous and seedy realms of Chicago politics; how her insistence upon peace and justice at international level, made lose her popularity at national level; and how, in due course her relentless fight for peace gradually removed the national scorn; and again, she gained recognition at national and international levels. Though Jane Addams' fame did slide down sometimes, her sincere work has carved a niche for her in the minds of the people. A proof for this is that her book 'Twenty Years at Hull-House' in which she has given a description of her early years has never gone out of print since its first publication in 1910. Jane Addams was admired as a respectable social worker, fighter for the rights of women and downtrodden, an intellectual, effective writer and a political activist. She highlighted by her own example that the core of true citizenship was the concern for others' difficulties and concerted efforts to be of help to all. In her vision of democracy, by personal example, she laid rules for true citizens. By defining true citizens, by emphasizing direct participation in social life, she defined democracy. Jean Bethke Elshtain, who was determined "to draw back the curtain of historic mist and dust that has obscured Addams and blurred her reputation", has provided the most appropriate source to understand Jane Addams' vision of American Democracy. Addams did believe in Democracy. Her father had given her a concept of democracy. learnt from Abraham Lincoln, his one time political acquaintance. We all know that the most simple, direct and evocative definition of Democracy, "Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people." has come down to us from Abraham Lincoln. Addams had been initiated into this personally by her father in her formative years. So her vision of dem

Lifespan Development and Theory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lifespan Development and Theory Paper - Essay Example He bathes, dresses, grooms, and feeds himself; and he can also transfer from the bed to his chair on his own. As to his instrumental activities, he can use the telephones, he can prepare his meals, can manage household finances, can take his medications, and can manage transportation. He needs assistance in doing the laundry, performing household tasks, and shopping. As for his mobility, he is very much mobile. He can walk from room to room without any assistance, he can also climb the stairs, and walk outside his home without any assistance. He has a slight limp because he had a hip fracture a year prior to this interview. He has since recovered from the fracture, and has had hip replacement surgery to repair the fracture. The fracture however has caused a slight imperfection in his gait. He has since adjusted to his uneven gait and has regained control and independence in his movements (Pompei, et.al., p. 49-52). As for his nutrition, his BMI is 27, and this classifies him as overweight. He admits to a fondness for red meats, and he says he does not exercise much. He also carries excess weight around his abdominal area. His fingers appear arthritic with some digits appearing bent and not in line with the joints. He admits to multiple episodes of arthritis. As for his vision and hearing, he wears glasses for reading and writing. He has cataract in his left eye and he admits that his right eye also had cataract, but he has since had corrective surgery for it. He has learned to adjust with using just one clear eye, and he is planning to have eye surgery for his left eye early next year. He does not suffer any difficulties in his hearing. He does not suffer from dementia. However, he does admit to being forgetful at times, but all in all, he still has an excellent memory. He sometimes feels sad and lonely especially since